Measuring Islamic Work Ethics and its Consequences on Organizational Commitment and turnover intention an Empirical Study at Public Sector of Pakistan.

Author(s)

M Yousuf Khan Marri , Arshad Mahmood Sadozai , Hafiz Muhammad Fakhar Zaman , Muhammad Israr Yousufzai , Dr.Muhammad I. Ramay ,

Download Full PDF Pages: 37-49 | Views: 433 | Downloads: 126 | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3404607

Volume 2 - February 2013 (02)

Abstract

This study examined the impact of Islamic work ethics on organizational commitment and Turnover intention on public sector of Pakistan. The study used random sampling technique to collect data of 395 respondents from 36 institutions of public sector of Pakistan. The empirical testing indicates that Islamic work ethics has positive impact on organizational commitment and turnover intention of employees. Results also indicate strong negative relationship between organizational commitment and turnover intention. Implications, limitations and suggestions for future research are also discussed

Keywords

Islamic Work Ethics, Organizational Commitment, Turnover Intention, Public Sector

References

                 i.            Abbasi, S.M., and Hollman, K.W. (2000) “Turnover: the real bottom, line”, Public Personnel Management, Vol. 29, pp.333 -42.

      ii.            Addae,H.M.& Parboteeah, P.K.(2006),“Organizationalinformation,organi zational commitment and intention to quit: a study of Trinidad and Tobago”, International Journal of Cross-Cultural Management,Vol.6,pp.343-59.

    iii.            Ali, J. A. &, Al-Kazemi A. (2007). Managerial problems in Kuwait. The Journal of Management Development, 21 (5): 366-375.

     iv.            Ali, J. A. (1988). Scaling an Islamic work ethic. Journal of Social Psychology, 128 (5): 575- 583.

       v.            Allen, N.J., and Meyer, J.P. (1990) “The measurement and the antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization”. Journal of Occupational Psychology, Vol. 63, pp. 1-18.

     vi.            Angle HL, Perry JL (1981). “An empirical assessment of organizational commitment and organizational effectiveness”. Administrative science quarterly. 26: 1-14.

   vii.            Arnold, H. J., & Feldman, C. C. 1982. A multivariate analysis of the determinants of job turnover. Journal of Applied Psychology, 67: 350-360.

 viii.            Arslan, M. (2000). A cross cultural comparison of British and Turkish managers in term of Protestant work ethic characteristics. Business Ethics: A European Review, 9 (1): 13- 19

     ix.            Arslan, M. (2001). The Work ethic values of Protestant British, Catholic Irish and Muslim Turkish Managers. Journal of Business Ethics, 31: 321-339

       x.            Bearden, A.G., & Armenakis, A. A. (1981). A PathAnalytic study of the Consequences of role conflict and ambiguity. Academy of Management Journal, 24, pp. 417-424.

     xi.            Balfour, D .L. and Wechsler, B. (1996), “Organizational commitment: antecedents and outcomes in Public organizations”, Public Productivity & Management Review, Vol.19, pp.256-77.

   xii.            Baker. R.B. (2005). Capitalism’s Achilles Hell, Dirty money and how to Renew the Free- Market System, John Wiley &Sons, Inc.

 xiii.            Bashir, S. & Ramay, M.I. (2008). Determinants of Organizational Commitment A Study of Information Technology Professionals in Pakistan, , Institute of Behavioral and Applied Management

 xiv.            Bozeman, D.P., & Perrewe, P.L. (2001). The effect of item content overlaps on organizational commitment questionnaire-turnover cognitions relationships. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(1), 161-173.

   xv.            Chen, Z.X. and Fransesco, A.M.(2003),“The relationship between the three components of employee commitment and employee performance in China”, Journal of Vocational Behavior,Vol.62,pp.490-510.

 xvi.            Chughtai, A.A. & Zafar, S. (2006). Antecedents and Consequences of Organizational Commitment among Pakistani university teachers. Applied H.R.M. Research, 11(1), 39-64.

xvii.            Cooper-Hakim, A. and Viswesvaran, C. (2005),“The construct of work commitment: testing an integrative framework”, Psychological Bulletin, Vol.131, pp.241-59.

xviii.            Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division (2011). World Population Prospects. 2010 revision. United Nations. Retrieved. http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/unpp/p2k0data.asp ( accessed November 2012-09-08).

 xix.            Elizur, D & Koslowsky, M (2001). Values and organizational Commitment. International journal of Manpower, Vol. 22 (7): 593-599.

   xx.            Ferris, K. R., & Aranya, N. (1983). A comparison of two organizational commitment scales. Personal Psychology, 36, 87-98.

 xxi.            Furnham, A. (1982) “The Protestant work ethic and attitudes towards unemployment”, Journal Occupational Psychology, Vol. 55 No.4, p. 277- 285.

xxii.            Furnham, A. (1990) The Protestant work ethic: The psychology of work-related beliefs and behaviours. London: Routledge.

xxiii.            Furnham, A., & Muhuideen, C. (1984). The Protestant work ethic in Britain and Malaysia. Journal of Social Psychology, 122: 157-161

xxiv.            Furham, A. and Rajamanickam, R. (1992). The Protestant work ethic and just world belief in Great Britain and India”, International Journal of Psychology, Vol. 27 No. 6, pp. 401-416

xxv.            Government of Pakistan, Population census organization, (official population clock, 2012)

xxvi.            Government of Pakistan (Establishment Division, 2012). Retrieved. http:// www.census.gov.pk( accessed November 2012-09-08).

xxvii.            Government of Pakistan SECP statistics, (2011) Retrieved http://www.secp.gov.pk/ID/id_index.asp (accessed November 2012-09-08)

xxviii.            Goulet, L. R. & Frank, M. L. (2002),“Organizational commitment across sectors: public, non-profit ,and for profit”, Public Personnel Management,Vol.31,pp.201-10.

xxix.            Griffeth, R. W., Hom, P. W. & Gaertner, S. (2000), “A meta-analysis of antecedents and correlates of employee turnover: update moderator tests and research implications for the next millennium”, Journal of Management, Vol.26, pp.463-88.

xxx.            Haroon, M., Zaman H.M.F., Rehman, W. The Relationship between Islamic Work Ethics and Job Satisfaction in Healthcare sector of Pakistan, International Journal of Contemporary Business Studies, Vol: 3 (5), pp. 6-12

xxxi.            Hartman SJ, Yrle AC, Galle WP Jr (1999). Procedural and distributive justice: Examining equity in a university setting. J. Bus. Ethics, 20: 337- 351.

xxxii.            Hom, P., & Griffeth, R. (1991). A structural equations modeling test of a turnover theory: Crosssectional and longitudinal analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 76, 350-366.

xxxiii.            Hom, P. W., Katerberg, R., & Hulin, C. L. (1979). Comparative examination of three approaches to the prediction of turnover. Journal of applied Psychology, 64, 280-290.

xxxiv.            Hsu HY (2009). Organizational Learning Culture's Influence on Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, and Turnover Intention among R&D Professionals in Taiwan during an Economic Downturn. Ph.D. Thesis. University Of Minnesota.

xxxv.            Kernaghan, K. (1980). “Codes of Ethics and Public Administration: Progress”. Public Administration. 59 P3

xxxvi.            Kidron, A. (1979), 'Work values and organizational commitment', Academy of management Journal, Vol. 21(2): 239-47.

xxxvii.            Koh, H, C., & Boo, E, H., (2001). The link between organizational ethics and Job satisfaction: A study of managers in Singapore. Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 29: 309-324.

xxxviii.            Maertz, C. P., Griffeth, R. W., Campbell, N. S. & Allen, D.G.(2007),“The effects of perceived Organizational support and perceived supervisor support on employee turnover”, Journal Of Organizational Behavior, Vol.28, pp.1059-75.

xxxix.            Mahdavi, I. (2001). American Business Education and Transfer of Culture. Journal of American Association of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Conference, 2003.

     xl.            Liou, K. T. and Nyhan, R. C. (1994),“Dimensions of organizational commitment in the public Sector :An empirical assessment”, Public Administration Quarterly,Vol.18,pp.99-118.

   xli.            Luna-Arocas, R., & Camps, J. (2008). A Model of High Performance Work Practices and Turnover Intentions, Personnel Review, 37, 26-46.

 xlii.            Mahdavi, Iraj: 2003, “Ethical Growth: Do business Ethical Attitudes mature as individuals Get Older?” Proceedings of the International Business Association, Conference, 2003.

xliii.            Markovits,Y. ,Davis,A.J. and VanDick,R.(2007),“Organizational commitment profiles and job Satisfaction among Greek private and public sector employees”, International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, Vol.7No.1, pp.77-99.

xliv.            Marri, M.Y.K.; Sadozai, A. M.; Zaman, H. M. F. & Ramay, M.I. (2012). The Impact of Islamic Work Ethics on Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment: A Study of Agriculture Sector of Pakistan, International Journal of Business and Behavioral Sciences 2(12) 32-45

 xlv.            Mathieu, J. and Zajac, D.M. (1990) ‘A Review and Meta-analysis of the Antecedents, Correlates, and Consequences of Commitment’, Psychological Bulletin 108(2): 171–94.

xlvi.            Meyer,J. ,Stanley,D., Herscovitch,L. and Topolnytsky,L.(2002), “Affective, continuance, and normative commitment of the organization: a meta-analysis of antecedents ,correlates, And consequences”, Journal of Vocational Behavior,Vol.61,pp.20- 52.

xlvii.            Meyer, J. P. & Allen, N. J. (1997), Commitment in the Workplace: Theory, Research and application, Sage, California, CA.

xlviii.            Morf, D. A., Schumacher, M. G., and Vitell, S. J. (1999) “A Survey of Ethics Officers in Large Organizations”, Journal of Business Ethics 20, 265-271

xlix.            Morrow, P. C. (1993), The Theory and Measurement of Work Commitment, JAI Press, Greenwich, CT.

        l.            Mowday, R.T., Porter L.W. and Steers, R.M. (1982). Employee-Organizational Linkages: The Psychology of Commitment, Absenteeism and Turnover. New York: Academic Press.

      li.            Mowday, R. T., Steers, R. M., & Porter, L. W. (1979). The measurement of organizational commitment. Journal of vocational behavior, 14, 224-227.

    lii.            Mohamed, F., Taylor, G.S., & Hassan, A. (2006). Affective commitment and intent to quit: The impact of work and non-work related issues. Journal of Managerial Issues, 18: 512- 529.

  liii.            O’Reilly, C. A., Caldwell, D. F. (1980). Job choice; the impact of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on subsequent satisfaction and commitment. Journal of applied Psychology, 65,559-565.

   liv.            Pare G, Tremblay M (2007). The influence of highinvolvement human resource practices, procedural justice, organizational commitment, and citizenship behaviors on information technology professionals‟ turnover intention. HEC Montréal group and organization management. 32(3): 326-357.

     lv.            Peterson, D, K., (2003). The relationship between ethical pressure, relativistic moral beliefs and organizational commitment. Journal of Managerial Psychology, Vol. 16 (6): 557-572.

   lvi.            Putti, J.M., Aryee, S., Ling T.K. (1989). Work values and organizational commitment: a study in the Asian context. Human Relations, Vol. 42: 275- 288.

 lvii.            Riaz, A.; Ramay, M (2010), “Antecedents of job satisfaction: A study of Telecom Sector”, Perspectives of Innovations, Economics & Business, 4(1), 66-73.

lviii.            Rice, G. (1999). Islamic ethics and the implication for business. Journal of Business Ethics, 18 (4): 345-358.

   lix.            Riketta, M. (2002) ‘Attitudinal Organizational Commitment and Job Performance: A Metaanalysis’, Journal of Organizational Behavior 23(3):257–66.

     lx.            Rizk, R.R. (2008) “Back to basics: an Islamic perspective on business and work ethics” Social Responsibility Journal, Vol. 1 / 2, pp. 246-254.

   lxi.            Rizvi, A. (1985) Harmonizing Bureaucracy with Islamic Ideology: a Behavioral approach. Pakistan Journal of Public Administration, XXI , 14.

 lxii.            Rokhman,W. (2010). The Effect of Islamic Work Ethics on Work Outcomes. Electronic journal of Business Ethics and Organization Studies, Vol.15 (1).

lxiii.            Sadozai, A. M.; Zaman, H. M. F.; Marri, M.Y.K. & Ramay, M.I. (2012). Impact Of Favoritism, Nepotism and Cronyism on Job Satisfaction A Study From Public Sector Of Pakistan. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 4(6), 760-771

lxiv.            Sager, J.K., Yi, J. & Futrell, C.M (1998) “A model depicting salespeople’s perceptions. Journal of Personal Selling and Sales management”, Vol. 18. pp. 1-18.

 lxv.            Schwepker, C. H. (2001). Ethical climate’s relationship to job satisfaction, organizational commitment and turnover intention in the salesforce. Journal of Business Ethics, 54: 39- 52.

lxvi.            Shaikh, M.A. (1998). “Ethics of Decision Making in Islam and western Environment”. The American Journal of Islamic Social Scientists, AJSS, 5, (1)

lxvii.            Steijn, B. & Leisink, P. (2006), “Organizational commitment among Dutch public sector employees”, International Review of Administrative Sciences, Vol.72, pp.187-201.

lxviii.            Steers R.M. (1977). Antecedents and outcomes of organizational commitment. Administrative sciences quartly. 22(1). 46-56.

lxix.            Stumpf, S., & Hartman, K. (1984). Individual exploration to organizational commitment or withdrawal. Academy of Management Journal, 27, 308-329.

 lxx.            Suliman AM, Iles PA (2000). “The multi-dimensional nature of organizational commitment in a nonWestern context”. Journal of management development. 19: 71-82.

lxxi.            Tett, R. P., & Meyer, J. P. (1993). Job satisfaction, organizational commitment, turnover intention and turnover: Path analyses based on metaanalytic findings. Personnel Psychology, 46, 259-293.

lxxii.            Till R.E., Karren R. (2011). Organizational justice perceptions and pay level satisfaction. J. Manag. Psychol., 26(1): 42 – 57.

lxxiii.            Vandenberghe, C.(1996),“Assessing organizational commitment in a Belgian context: evidence For the three-dimensional model”, AppliedPsychology: AnInternationalReview, Vol.45, pp.371-86.

lxxiv.            Viswesvaran, C., & Deshpande, S., P. (1996). Ethics, success, and job satisfaction: A test of dissonance theory in India. Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 15: 1065-1069.

lxxv.            Vitell, S, J., & Davis, D. L., (1990). The relationship between ethics and Job satisfaction: an Empirical Investigation. Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 9: 489-494.

lxxvi.            Weeks, A., Terry, L., Loe, C., & Kirk, W. (2004). The effect of the perceived ethical climate on the search for sales forces excellence. Journal of personal selling & sales management, 24 (3): 199-214.

lxxvii.            Wiener, Y. & Vardi, Y. (1980). Relationships between job, organization and work outcomes: An integrative approach. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 26: 81-96.

lxxviii.            Yousef, D.A. (2000). Organizational commitment as a mediator of the relationship between Islamic work ethic and attitudes toward organizational change. Human Relations, Vol. 53 (4): 513-37.

lxxix.            Yousef, D.A. (2001). Islamic work ethic - A moderator between organizational commitment and job satisfaction in a cross-cultural context. Personnel Review, Vol. 30 (2): 152-165.

lxxx.            Yousef, D.A. (2002) ‘Job Satisfaction as a Mediator of the Relationship between Role Stressors and Organizational Commitment. A Study From an Arabic Perspective’, Journal of Managerial Psychology 17(4): 250–66.

lxxxi.            Zhao H, Wanyne SJ, Glibkowski BC, Bravo J (2007). The impact of psychological contract breach on Work-related outcomes: a meta- analysis. Personal psychology. 60: 647-680. 

Cite this Article: